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hello Bozeman okay what do you think of when you hear the word

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accessibility

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wheelchair ramps handicap stalls in a public restroom

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Braylon an ATM perhaps

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I think of something less obvious but with a dramatic impact on the lives of 360 million people around the world

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imagine a deaf person

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about 50 years ago

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what a television set turned on

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and saw this

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that experience would have been a little bit different for a hearing person

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that's right

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there is a bulletin from CBS News

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positive Kennedy shot today just as his motorcade left downtown Dallas

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when President Kennedy was assassinated television was all but inaccessible

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15 years later the Advent of closed captioning promised to open the world of television

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did that for audiences

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30 years

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now after that first captured broadcast we're asking ourselves

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does closed captioning still serve the deaf and hard-of-hearing audience for him it was created

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captions are text

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on a video picture that allow people who can hear what's going on

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read it instead

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closed captions are hidden until you press the CC button on your remote control

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so the people who don't need the captions

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don't have to see them

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the first phase in caption development

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is

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development can take a long time

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television broadcasts in the United States began in 1928 it was over 40 years before we had closed captioning for deaf people 60 years before we had descriptive video service

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blind people

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but a lot of work had to be done caption decoders in in coders had to be invented

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software tools developed and training programs put together for captions

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after this first phase of development was complete we had captions

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for a small audience

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a few shows

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the second phase of accessibility

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broadening the base

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depended largely upon

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the law

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Americans with Disabilities Act a landmark act in almost all respect barely mentioned closed captioning

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later laws

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required

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television sets contain decoding circuitry and eventually

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mandated the presents although not the quality

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closed captioning on TV

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thanks to laws like that today television captioning

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is ubiquitous

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however as law and Technology APUSH captioning forward

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the availability of captions has often been offset by a decline in quality and a lack of focus

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what's important to the deaf community

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just last week or last month the f c c

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unanimously approved new standards for captioning

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please let us directly on the path to the third phase of accessibility

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quality

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that talks have to be prepared well in advance

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my talk was ready

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when this announcement was made causing me to rip out quite the lecture on why the f c c should be mandating quality

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but that's okay

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I don't mind the last minute changes it's for a good cause I just wish they'd waited until after my talk so at least I could take credit for it

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can be a sticky issue

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the dictionary called it a level of excellence in captioning a more useful definition would be

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understandability

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do the captions help someone who can't hear what's going on

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to see what's going on a different of mine once said we're not asking for special treatment

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all we want

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what the rest of you take for granted

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legislating quality is even more difficult

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industry experts have been arguing for decades over how to put a numeric score

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turn closed caption quality

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arguing is what we do but the one thing we agree on

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is that it begins

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with accuracy

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mcra the organization that certifies real-time captioners the ones who do captioning a 250 words a minute on Live Events

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measures caption quality by errors and omissions

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the fewer errors you make the higher your quality

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this those supposes that all words have equal importance

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do they

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take this well-known sentence from a Doctor Seuss classic if we were to drop the second word

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it wouldn't change the meaning of the sentence

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at all

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if we dropped the third word the sentence means the exact opposite I do like Green Eggs and Ham

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clearly all words don't have equal importance

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in real-time captioning errors are inevitable

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and often funny

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the keyboard that real-time close cashier's use is corded

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meaning you press more than one key at a time like a piano and a simple Miss fingering doesn't lead to a letter being wrong

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what is syllable a word or a phrase this is what led the closed captioning on a network news broadcast

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to introduce a lawyer as a liar

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a fun guy as fungi

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and the golfers nice putt

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has a nice butt

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post-production captioners have plenty of time in a studio to carefully craft

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text

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timing placement but the only way to assure high quality real-time closed captioning is to hire and train

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the best people

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for the job

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the fcc's definition of accuracy begins with matching the captions to the spoken dialogue

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but it continues to include

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background noises

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this is an example of focusing on the needs of the deaf audience

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imagine the captions going away on a television show

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I was a deaf you are to know where there's a technical glitch

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there's just nobody speaking at the moment

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a simple bracketed caption like

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claws

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laughter

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silence can answer that question

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high-quality captions must also be well synchronized

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a significant delay between the video and the captions can make a program hard to understand

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and I've recently measured delays over 12 seconds

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on broadcast television if you don't think that makes it hard for a deaf person to follow a program

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try watching a TV show or movie with the sound like in 12 seconds behind the picture

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Beast

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delays can also lead to a loss of caption data

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the captions are running 12 seconds behind every time you go to a commercial you're going to lose entire sentences

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and the fourth critical component to caption quality is placement

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nobody wants the captions covering the score on the ball game

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for the weatherman's map

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so what can we do to help

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first

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we can care we wouldn't tolerate grainy pictures

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floppy camera work poor audio quality bad lighting why should we tolerate bad caption

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the World Health Organization estimates 360 million people around the world have disabling

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hearing loss

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360 million people that's equivalent to the entire population of the United States

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those people

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matter

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the next thing we can do is talk about it broadcasters don't get a lot of feedback from their death audience's a lot of deaf people don't want to be seen as complainers or they feel they should be grateful for whatever they're getting

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their captions are every bit as important as our sound

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Dunwoody captioning serve

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everybody

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captions can help children learn to read captions Aid in fighting against adult illiteracy

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captions help us follow a TV program in a noisy airport bar or gym

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but captions are a lot more than that

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the deck people captions can save lives in an emergency broadcast telling deaf people when they need to evacuate their homes

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for what roads to avoid and the same technology that used for television closed captioning is used in educational and business settings

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give Jeff people equal access

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capturing has been around now for over 30 years it's time to retune

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refocus and remember who closed caption was created for in the first place

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